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From about 4,000 when it was first chartered as a city in 1837, Chicago leapt to 109,000 in 1860. And it kept on growing.Īmong world cities, Chicago's explosive growth prior to 1915 was almost unique. It did not fit into a still-rural America: it was frighteningly large, and its hundreds of thousands of foreign-born residents aroused nativist as well as antiurban suspicions. By 1890, having burst from the ashes of 1871 to achieve metropolitan rank, it was earning the ambivalent reputation that all great cities had at that time-awesome in its bulk and wealth, yet condemned for its fleshpots, diseases, and poverty. But in 1860, when nine cities reached that size, Chicago was one of them and in 1890, it became the third in the United States to reach 1,000,000, after New York and Philadelphia. In 1820, when New York became the first American city with 100,000 people, Chicago hardly existed. As a consequence, Chicago soared from empty prairie and mud flats to world metropolis in a breathtakingly short sequence. In its first 50 to 75 years, Chicago was almost perfectly placed between America's industrializing Northeast and its farm-frontier West it was also almost perfectly timed to take maximum advantage of While no one could call the flatĭramatic, they placed no topographical obstacles to Chicago's future as a rail and shipping center. The city was blessed in its formative years with freedom from both drought and floods, along with the right amount of sunshine and rainfall to nourish corn, wheat, and livestock. Although people have seldom praised Chicago's Abundant sources of food, and the means of transporting them, were crucial for that rise, and Chicago became a focal point of both.
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The modern rise of population in world history began around 1750, and Chicago became an exemplary part of it roughly a century later.